Marti, 30 Noiembrie 2021, ora 02:12
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Universul are numeroase mistere care nu au putut fi descifrate de către oamenii de știință, deși în ultimele decenii au existat foarte multe misiuni de explorare a cosmosului. Dintre acestea, menționăm materia întunecată și cine a provocat evenimentul Big Bang, care a dus la apariția spațiului.
Tehnologia și cercetarea au avansat enorm în întreaga lume, dar omenirea se confruntă în continuare cu multe întrebări fără răspuns legate de univers. Însă, noile proiecte precum telescopul James Webb, care se va lansa pe 22 decembrie 2021, vor contribui la descoperirea a mai multor taine despre cosmos, potrivit Newsweek.
În cele ce urmează, vă vom prezenta șapte mistere ale universului la care oamenii de știință lucrează asiduu, pentru a le dezlega.
Materia întunecată
Un nou studiu susține că efectele materiei întunecate se pot datora unei forme descoperite de gravitație. Planetele, stelele și galaxiile și tot ceea ce putem vedea alcătuiesc doar 5% din tot universul.
Oamenii de știință cred că 26,8% din cosmos este o substanță ”invizibilă”, pe care o numesc ”materie întunecată”. Aceasta nu interacționează cu lumina sau cu materia vizibilă, ci totul se mișcă spre gravitația sa.
Astronomii consideră că materia întunecată este tipul dominant din univers, dar rămâne nevăzută.
Energia întunecată
Cosmologii spun că celelalte procente de aproximativ 68% din univers este ”energia întunecată”. Când materia întunecată pare să fuzioneze cu galaxiile, energia întunecată vrea să împingă totul în afară.
Potrivit NASA, ”știm câtă energie întunecată există pentru că noi cunoaștem cum ea afectează expansiunea universului. În afară de asta, este un mister complet. Dar este un mister important”.
Legătura cuantică
Legătura cuantică este cheia dezvoltării canalelor de comunicare de mâine. Albert Einstein a numit cândva legătura cuantică, o ”acțiune înfricoșătoare la distanță”.
Este fenomenul în care două particule din părți diferite ale universului se pot lega și reproduce comportamentul celeilalte zone. Pentru a conecta particulele la astfel de distanțe, ele trebuie să trimită semnale care se deplasează mai repede decât viteza luminii, ceva imposibil conform legilor fizicii de astăzi.
Ce sunt găurile negre?
Găurile negre sunt niște regiuni ale universului în care gravitația este atât de puternică încât tot ce este în apropiere este atras în interior și nici lumina nu poate scăpa de acolo, de atracția gravitațională.
Oamenii de știință susțin că există milioane de găuri negre în galaxia noastră, dar nimeni nu știe ce se află înăuntrul acestora.
Ce a provocat Big Bang?
Big Bang este cea mai largă teorie științifică acceptată despre originile universului. ”Timpul, spațiul și materia au început cu Big Bang. Într-o fracțiune de secundă, universul a crescut de la ceva mai mic decât un atom la o galaxie. Și a continuat să crească într-un ritm fantastic, extinzându-se și astăzi”.
Vuietul spațial
În 2006, când oamenii de știință au căutat semne îndepărtate în univers, folosind un instrument atașat unui balon trimis în spațiu, ei au descoperit un vuiet misterios.
Radiometrul construit de NASA a fost capabil să capteze unde radio de la stele îndepărtate și un semnal mai puternic decât se așteptau astronomii. Acesta a provocat o mare confuzie și oamenii de știință încă nu știu de unde provine.
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